• Study of heredity and variation - Genetics

• Father of Genetics - Gregor Mendel

• Features seen in offsprings that are different from their parent are called - Variations

• Transmission of charecters from generation to generation is known as - Heredity

• Principles of law of  Inheritance where enunciated by - Mendel

• In a monohybrid cross a heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a dwarf pea, progenies formed are - Both tall and dwarf.

• The hereditary unit which determines the charecter of an organism - Genes

• Gene was discovered by - Walter S. Sutten

• Gene are known as 'blue print of life'

• Artificial gene was first synthesized by - Har Gobind Khorana.

• Gene are located in the - Chromosomes

• Watson and Crick was awarded Nobel prize in 1962 for the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953.

• Sudden heritable changes in a gene is called - Mutation

• Mutation was discovered by - Hugo Devris

• Nitrogen bases in a DNA - Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosin

• The nitrogen base in RNA instead of  Thymine in DNA - Uracil

• The number of chromosomes in human cell is 46 (23 pairs)

• Among the 46 chromosomes, 44 are autosomes and 2 are sex chromosomes.

• Autosomes determine the body charecters of an organism.

• Sex chromosomes of male is XY.

• Sex chromosomes of female is XX.

• Sex of the new born baby is determined by -

       Y chromosome of the father.

• Presence of 45 autosomes instead of 44 autosomes are called 

                Down Syndrome (Mangolism)

• Presence of an additional copy of X chromosome (XXY) in males is called

                Klinefelter's syndrome

• Absence of one X chromosome in female Sex chromosome (XO) is called -

                Turner's syndrome

• Trisomy of 18th chromosome - 

                Edward's syndrome

    √   45 A + XX or XY - Down Syndrome

    √   44 A + XO - Turner Syndrome

    √   44 A + XXY - Klinefelter Syndrome


 


• First isolated gene is Lac in E - coli bacteria.

• Bt. cotton is the cotton plant with

                Bt. Toxin gene

• A repository of genetic information of an individual organism is known as - Gene Bank

• Gene bank is also known as 

                Genomic library or clone bank

• The method of removing defective genes and attaching healthy genes in that place is 

                Gene therapy

• Study of number of function and structure of genes separately.

                Genome mapping

• Branch of science dealing with the formation of new combination of heritable meterial and manipulation of genes 

              Genetic engineering

• Father of genetic engineering - Paul Berg


       √ Restriction endonuclease is used as a - 

               Molecular scissors

       √ Enzyme serves as molecular glue in a recombinant DNA technology - Ligase


• Strains of bacteria that are resistant to several types of antibiotics are called Super bugs.

• Oil eating bacteria (super bug) was first produced by - Anand Mohan Chakrabarthy.

• Oil eating bacteria are used in oil pipes for cleaning the obstruction

      √ World largest human genome project was launched by - China